一般无机化学、物理化学、普通化学教材及常见化学手册中都有标准电极电势数据表。
标准电极电势数据表分为两部分,一部分是酸性条件下的标准电极电势数据,简称酸表;另一部分是碱性条件下的标准电极电势数据,简称碱表。
标准电极电势表
1在酸性溶液中(298K)
电对
方程式
Eq/V
Li(I)-(0)
Li++e-=Li
-3.0401
Cs(I)-(0)
Cs++e-=Cs
-3.026
Rb(I)-(0)
Rb++e-=Rb
-2.98
K(I)-(0)
K++e-=K
-2.931
Ba(II)-(0)
Ba2++2e-=Ba
-2.912
Sr(II)-(0)
Sr2++2e-=Sr
-2.89
Ca(II)-(0)
Ca2++2e-=Ca
-2.868
Na(I)-(0)
Na++e-=Na
-2.71
La(III)-(0)
La3++3e-=La
-2.379
Mg(II)-(0)
Mg2++2e-=Mg
-2.372
Ce(III)-(0)
Ce3++3e-=Ce
-2.336
H(0)-(-I)
H2(g)+2e-=2H-
-2.23
Al(III)-(0)
AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F-
-2.069
Th(IV)-(0)
Th4++4e-=Th
-1.899
Be(II)-(0)
Be2++2e-=Be
-1.847
U(III)-(0)
U3++3e-=U
-1.798
Hf(IV)-(0)
HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf+H2O
-1.724
Al(III)-(0)
Al3++3e-=Al
-1.662
Ti(II)-(0)
Ti2++2e-=Ti
-1.630
Zr(IV)-(0)
ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2H2O
-1.553
Si(IV)-(0)
[SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F-
-1.24
Mn(II)-(0)
Mn2++2e-=Mn
-1.185
Cr(II)-(0)
Cr2++2e-=Cr
-0.913
Ti(III)-(II)
Ti3++e-=Ti2+
-0.9
B(III)-(0)
H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O
-0.8698
*Ti(IV)-(0)
TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2H2O
-0.86
Te(0)-(-II)
Te+2H++2e-=H2Te
-0.793
Zn(II)-(0)
Zn2++2e-=Zn
-0.7618
Ta(V)-(0)
Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2Ta+5H2O
-0.750
Cr(III)-(0)
Cr3++3e-=Cr
-0.744
Nb(V)-(0)
Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2Nb+5H2O
-0.644
As(0)-(-III)
As+3H++3e-=AsH3
-0.608
U(IV)-(III)
U4++e-=U3+
-0.607
Ga(III)-(0)
Ga3++3e-=Ga
-0.549
P(I)-(0)
H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O
-0.508
P(III)-(I)
H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3PO2+H2O
-0.499
*C(IV)-(III)
2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C2O4
-0.49
Fe(II)-(0)
Fe2++2e-=Fe
-0.447
Cr(III)-(II)
Cr3++e-=Cr2+
-0.407
Cd(II)-(0)
Cd2++2e-=Cd
-0.4030
Se(0)-(-II)
Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq)
-0.399
Pb(II)-(0)
PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I-
-0.365
Eu(III)-(II)
Eu3++e-=Eu2+
-0.36
Pb(II)-(0)
PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42-
-0.3588
In(III)-(0)
In3++3e-=In
-0.3382
Tl(I)-(0)
Tl++e-=Tl
-0.336
Co(II)-(0)
Co2++2e-=Co
-0.28
P(V)-(III)
H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O
-0.276
Pb(II)-(0)
PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl-
-0.2675
Ni(II)-(0)
Ni2++2e-=Ni
-0.257
V(III)-(II)
V3++e-=V2+
-0.255
Ge(IV)-(0)
H2GeO3+4H++4e-=Ge+3H2O
-0.182
Ag(I)-(0)
AgI+e-=Ag+I-
-0.15224
Sn(II)-(0)
Sn2++2e-=Sn
-0.1375
Pb(II)-(0)
Pb2++2e-=Pb
-0.1262
*C(IV)-(II)
CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO+H2O
-0.12
P(0)-(-III)
P(white)+3H++3e-=PH3(g)
-0.063
Hg(I)-(0)
Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I-
-0.0405
Fe(III)-(0)
Fe3++3e-=Fe
-0.037
H(I)-(0)
2H++2e-=H2
0.0000
Ag(I)-(0)
AgBr+e-=Ag+Br-
0.07133
S(II.V)-(II)
S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-
0.08
*Ti(IV)-(III)
TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O
0.1
S(0)-(-II)
S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq)
0.142
Sn(IV)-(II)
Sn4++2e-=Sn2+
0.151
Sb(III)-(0)
Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb+3H2O
0.152
Cu(II)-(I)
Cu2++e-=Cu+
0.153
Bi(III)-(0)
BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O
0.1583
S(VI)-(IV)
SO42-+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O
0.172
Sb(III)-(0)
SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O
0.212
Ag(I)-(0)
AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl-
0.22233
As(III)-(0)
HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O
0.248
Hg(I)-(0)
Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(饱和KCl)
0.26808
Bi(III)-(0)
BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O
0.320
U(VI)-(IV)
UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O
0.327
C(IV)-(III)
2HCNO+2H++2e-=(CN)2+2H2O
0.330
V(IV)-(III)
VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O
0.337
Cu(II)-(0)
Cu2++2e-=Cu
0.3419
Re(VII)-(0)
ReO4-+8H++7e-=Re+4H2O
0.368
Ag(I)-(0)
Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrO42-
0.4470
S(IV)-(0)
H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O
0.449
Cu(I)-(0)
Cu++e-=Cu
0.521
I(0)-(-I)
I2+2e-=2I-
0.5355
I(0)-(-I)
I3-+2e-=3I-
0.536
As(V)-(III)
H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O
0.560
Sb(V)-(III)
Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O
0.581
Te(IV)-(0)
TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O
0.593
U(V)-(IV)
UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O
0.612
**Hg(II)-(I)
2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl-
0.63
Pt(IV)-(II)
[PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4]2-+2Cl-
0.68
O(0)-(-I)
O2+2H++2e-=H2O2
0.695
Pt(II)-(0)
[PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl-
0.755
*Se(IV)-(0)
H2SeO3+4H++4e-=Se+3H2O
0.74
Fe(III)-(II)
Fe3++e-=Fe2+
0.771
Hg(I)-(0)
Hg22++2e-=2Hg
0.7973
Ag(I)-(0)
Ag++e-=Ag
0.7996
Os(VIII)-(0)
OsO4+8H++8e-=Os+4H2O
0.8
N(V)-(IV)
2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O
0.803
Hg(II)-(0)
Hg2++2e-=Hg
0.851
Si(IV)-(0)
(quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O
0.857
Cu(II)-(I)
Cu2++I-+e-=CuI
0.86
N(III)-(I)
2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O
0.86
Hg(II)-(I)
2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+
0.920
N(V)-(III)
NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O
0.934
Pd(II)-(0)
Pd2++2e-=Pd
0.951
N(V)-(II)
NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O
0.957
N(III)-(II)
HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O
0.983
I(I)-(-I)
HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O
0.987
V(V)-(IV)
VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O
0.991
V(V)-(IV)
V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO2++3H2O
1.00
Au(III)-(0)
[AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4Cl-
1.002
Te(VI)-(IV)
H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4H2O
1.02
N(IV)-(II)
N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O
1.035
N(IV)-(III)
N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2
1.065
I(V)-(-I)
IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O
1.085
Br(0)-(-I)
Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br-
1.0873
Se(VI)-(IV)
SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O
1.151
Cl(V)-(IV)
ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O
1.152
Pt(II)-(0)
Pt2++2e-=Pt
1.18
Cl(VII)-(V)
ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O
1.189
I(V)-(0)
2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O
1.195
Cl(V)-(III)
ClO3-+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O
1.214
Mn(IV)-(II)
MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O
1.224
O(0)-(-II)
O2+4H++4e-=2H2O
1.229
Tl(III)-(I)
T13++2e-=Tl+
1.252
Cl(IV)-(III)
ClO2+H++e-=HClO2
1.277
N(III)-(I)
2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O
1.297
**Cr(VI)-(III)
Cr2O72-+14H++6e-=2Cr3++7H2O
1.33
Br(I)-(-I)
HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O
1.331
Cr(VI)-(III)
HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O
1.350
Cl(0)-(-I)
Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl-
1.35827
Cl(VII)-(-I)
ClO4-+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O
1.389
Cl(VII)-(0)
ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O
1.39
Au(III)-(I)
Au3++2e-=Au+
1.401
Br(V)-(-I)
BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br-+3H2O
1.423
I(I)-(0)
2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2O
1.439
Cl(V)-(-I)
ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O
1.451
Pb(IV)-(II)
PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O
1.455
Cl(V)-(0)
ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O
1.47
Cl(I)-(-I)
HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O
1.482
Br(V)-(0)
BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O
1.482
Au(III)-(0)
Au3++3e-=Au
1.498
Mn(VII)-(II)
MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O
1.507
Mn(III)-(II)
Mn3++e-=Mn2+
1.5415
Cl(III)-(-I)
HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O
1.570
Br(I)-(0)
HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O
1.574
N(II)-(I)
2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O
1.591
I(VII)-(V)
H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O
1.601
Cl(I)-(0)
HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O
1.611
Cl(III)-(I)
HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O
1.645
Ni(IV)-(II)
NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O
1.678
Mn(VII)-(IV)
MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O
1.679
Pb(IV)-(II)
PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e-=PbSO4+2H2O
1.6913
Au(I)-(0)
Au++e-=Au
1.692
Ce(IV)-(III)
Ce4++e-=Ce3+
1.72
N(I)-(0)
N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2O
1.766
O(-I)-(-II)
H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O
1.776
Co(III)-(II)
Co3++e-=Co2+(2mol·L-1 H2SO4)
1.83
Ag(II)-(I)
Ag2++e-=Ag+
1.980
S(VII)-(VI)
S2O82-+2e-=2SO42-
2.010
O(0)-(-II)
O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O
2.076
O(II)-(-II)
F2O+2H++4e-=H2O+2F-
2.153
Fe(VI)-(III)
FeO42-+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O
2.20
O(0)-(-II)
O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O
2.421
F(0)-(-I)
F2+2e-=2F-
2.866
F2+2H++2e-=2HF
3.053
2在碱性溶液中(298K)
电对
方程式
Eq/V
Ca(II)-(0)
Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH-
-3.02
Ba(II)-(0)
Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH-
-2.99
La(III)-(0)
La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH-
-2.90
Sr(II)-(0)
Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e-=Sr+2OH-+8H2O
-2.88
Mg(II)-(0)
Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2OH-
-2.690
Be(II)-(0)
Be2O32-+3H2O+4e-=2Be+6OH-
-2.63
Hf(IV)-(0)
HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e-=Hf+4OH-
-2.50
Zr(IV)-(0)
H2ZrO3+H2O+4e-=Zr+4OH-
-2.36
Al(III)-(0)
H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=Al+OH-
-2.33
P(I)-(0)
H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH-
-1.82
B(III)-(0)
H2BO3-+H2O+3e-=B+4OH-
-1.79
P(III)-(0)
HPO32-+2H2O+3e-=P+5OH-
-1.71
Si(IV)-(0)
SiO32-+3H2O+4e-=Si+6OH-
-1.697
P(III)-(I)
HPO32-+2H2O+2e-=H2PO2-+3OH-
-1.65
Mn(II)-(0)
Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2OH-
-1.56
Cr(III)-(0)
Cr(OH)3+3e-=Cr+3OH-
-1.48
*Zn(II)-(0)
[Zn(CN)4]2-+2e-=Zn+4CN-
-1.26
Zn(II)-(0)
Zn(OH)2+2e-=Zn+2OH-
-1.249
Ga(III)-(0)
H2GaO3-+H2O+2e-=Ga+4OH-
-1.219
Zn(II)-(0)
ZnO22-+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH-
-1.215
Cr(III)-(0)
CrO2-+2H2O+3e-=Cr+4OH-
-1.2
Te(0)-(-I)
Te+2e-=Te2-
-1.143
P(V)-(III)
PO43-+2H2O+2e-=HPO32-+3OH-
-1.05
*Zn(II)-(0)
[Zn(NH3)4]2++2e-=Zn+4NH3
-1.04
*W(VI)-(0)
WO42-+4H2O+6e-=W+8OH-
-1.01
*Ge(IV)-(0)
HGeO3-+2H2O+4e-=Ge+5OH-
-1.0
Sn(IV)-(II)
[Sn(OH)6]2-+2e-=HSnO2-+H2O+3OH-
-0.93
S(VI)-(IV)
SO42-+H2O+2e-=SO32-+2OH-
-0.93
Se(0)-(-II)
Se+2e-=Se2-
-0.924
Sn(II)-(0)
HSnO2-+H2O+2e-=Sn+3OH-
-0.909
P(0)-(-III)
P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH-
-0.87
N(V)-(IV)
2NO3-+2H2O+2e-=N2O4+4OH-
-0.85
H(I)-(0)
2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH-
-0.8277
Cd(II)-(0)
Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH-
-0.809
Co(II)-(0)
Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH-
-0.73
Ni(II)-(0)
Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH-
-0.72
As(V)-(III)
AsO43-+2H2O+2e-=AsO2-+4OH-
-0.71
Ag(I)-(0)
Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2-
-0.691
As(III)-(0)
AsO2-+2H2O+3e-=As+4OH-
-0.68
Sb(III)-(0)
SbO2-+2H2O+3e-=Sb+4OH-
-0.66
*Re(VII)-(IV)
ReO4-+2H2O+3e-=ReO2+4OH-
-0.59
*Sb(V)-(III)
SbO3-+H2O+2e-=SbO2-+2OH-
-0.59
Re(VII)-(0)
ReO4-+4H2O+7e-=Re+8OH-
-0.584
*S(IV)-(II)
2SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S2O32-+6OH-
-0.58
Te(IV)-(0)
TeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Te+6OH-
-0.57
Fe(III)-(II)
Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH-
-0.56
S(0)-(-II)
S+2e-=S2-
-0.47627
Bi(III)-(0)
Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi+6OH-
-0.46
N(III)-(II)
NO2-+H2O+e-=NO+2OH-
-0.46
*Co(II)-C(0)
[Co(NH3)6]2++2e-=Co+6NH3
-0.422
Se(IV)-(0)
SeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH-
-0.366
Cu(I)-(0)
Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH-
-0.360
Tl(I)-(0)
Tl(OH)+e-=Tl+OH-
-0.34
*Ag(I)-(0)
[Ag(CN)2]-+e-=Ag+2CN-
-0.31
Cu(II)-(0)
Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH-
-0.222
Cr(VI)-(III)
CrO42-+4H2O+3e-=Cr(OH)3+5OH-
-0.13
*Cu(I)-(0)
[Cu(NH3)2]++e-=Cu+2NH3
-0.12
O(0)-(-I)
O2+H2O+2e-=HO2-+OH-
-0.076
Ag(I)-(0)
AgCN+e-=Ag+CN-
-0.017
N(V)-(III)
NO3-+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH-
0.01
Se(VI)-(IV)
SeO42-+H2O+2e-=SeO32-+2OH-
0.05
Pd(II)-(0)
Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH-
0.07
S(II,V)-(II)
S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-
0.08
Hg(II)-(0)
HgO+H2O+2e-=Hg+2OH-
0.0977
Co(III)-(II)
[Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co(NH3)6]2+
0.108
Pt(II)-(0)
Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-
0.14
Co(III)-(II)
Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH-
0.17
Pb(IV)-(II)
PbO2+H2O+2e-=PbO+2OH-
0.247
I(V)-(-I)
IO3-+3H2O+6e-=I-+6OH-
0.26
Cl(V)-(III)
ClO3-+H2O+2e-=ClO2-+2OH-
0.33
Ag(I)-(0)
Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH-
0.342
Fe(III)-(II)
[Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(CN)6]4-
0.358
Cl(VII)-(V)
ClO4-+H2O+2e-=ClO3-+2OH-
0.36
*Ag(I)-(0)
[Ag(NH3)2]++e-=Ag+2NH3
0.373
O(0)-(-II)
O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-
0.401
I(I)-(-I)
IO-+H2O+2e-=I-+2OH-
0.485
*Ni(IV)-(II)
NiO2+2H2O+2e-=Ni(OH)2+2OH-
0.490
Mn(VII)-(VI)
MnO4-+e-=MnO42-
0.558
Mn(VII)-(IV)
MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH-
0.595
Mn(VI)-(IV)
MnO42-+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH-
0.60
Ag(II)-(I)
2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O+2OH-
0.607
Br(V)-(-I)
BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=Br-+6OH-
0.61
Cl(V)-(-I)
ClO3-+3H2O+6e-=Cl-+6OH-
0.62
Cl(III)-(I)
ClO2-+H2O+2e-=ClO-+2OH-
0.66
I(VII)-(V)
H3IO62-+2e-=IO3-+3OH-
0.7
Cl(III)-(-I)
ClO2-+2H2O+4e-=Cl-+4OH-
0.76
Br(I)-(-I)
BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH-
0.761
Cl(I)-(-I)
ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH-
0.841
*Cl(IV)-(III)
ClO2(g)+e-=ClO2-
0.95
O(0)-(-II)
O3+H2O+2e-=O2+2OH-
1.24
标准电极电势如何比较大小
标准电极电势是指在标准状态下,一种氧化还原反应中氧化态和还原态之间的电势差。标准电极电势的大小与氧化还原反应的性质有关,一般来说,具有更强的氧化性的物质的标准电极电势更高,具有更强的还原性的物质的标准电极电势更低。以下是一些常见物质的标准电极电势(单位:V):
物质|标准电极电势-----|---------氢气/氢离子|0.00铜离子/铜|+0.34银离子/银|+0.80氧气/水|+1.23氟离子/氟气|+2.87可以看到,氢气/氢离子的标准电极电势为0.00,被作为参考电极,其他物质的标准电极电势都是相对于它来计算的。在这些物质中,氧气/水的标准电极电势最高,氟离子/氟气的标准电极电势最大,说明它们具有更强的氧化性。而铜离子/铜的标准电极电势较低,说明它具有更强的还原性。
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