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标准电极电势表|标准电极电势如何比较大小

一般无机化学、物理化学、普通化学教材及常见化学手册中都有标准电极电势数据表。

标准电极电势数据表分为两部分,一部分是酸性条件下的标准电极电势数据,简称酸表;另一部分是碱性条件下的标准电极电势数据,简称碱表。

标准电极电势表

1在酸性溶液中(298K)

电对

方程式

Eq/V

Li(I)-(0)

Li++e-=Li

-3.0401

Cs(I)-(0)

Cs++e-=Cs

-3.026

Rb(I)-(0)

Rb++e-=Rb

-2.98

K(I)-(0)

K++e-=K

-2.931

Ba(II)-(0)

Ba2++2e-=Ba

-2.912

Sr(II)-(0)

Sr2++2e-=Sr

-2.89

Ca(II)-(0)

Ca2++2e-=Ca

-2.868

Na(I)-(0)

Na++e-=Na

-2.71

La(III)-(0)

La3++3e-=La

-2.379

Mg(II)-(0)

Mg2++2e-=Mg

-2.372

Ce(III)-(0)

Ce3++3e-=Ce

-2.336

H(0)-(-I)

H2(g)+2e-=2H-

-2.23

Al(III)-(0)

AlF63-+3e-=Al+6F-

-2.069

Th(IV)-(0)

Th4++4e-=Th

-1.899

Be(II)-(0)

Be2++2e-=Be

-1.847

U(III)-(0)

U3++3e-=U

-1.798

Hf(IV)-(0)

HfO2++2H++4e-=Hf+H2O

-1.724

Al(III)-(0)

Al3++3e-=Al

-1.662

Ti(II)-(0)

Ti2++2e-=Ti

-1.630

Zr(IV)-(0)

ZrO2+4H++4e-=Zr+2H2O

-1.553

Si(IV)-(0)

[SiF6]2-+4e-=Si+6F-

-1.24

Mn(II)-(0)

Mn2++2e-=Mn

-1.185

Cr(II)-(0)

Cr2++2e-=Cr

-0.913

Ti(III)-(II)

Ti3++e-=Ti2+

-0.9

B(III)-(0)

H3BO3+3H++3e-=B+3H2O

-0.8698

*Ti(IV)-(0)

TiO2+4H++4e-=Ti+2H2O

-0.86

Te(0)-(-II)

Te+2H++2e-=H2Te

-0.793

Zn(II)-(0)

Zn2++2e-=Zn

-0.7618

Ta(V)-(0)

Ta2O5+10H++10e-=2Ta+5H2O

-0.750

Cr(III)-(0)

Cr3++3e-=Cr

-0.744

Nb(V)-(0)

Nb2O5+l0H++10e-=2Nb+5H2O

-0.644

As(0)-(-III)

As+3H++3e-=AsH3

-0.608

U(IV)-(III)

U4++e-=U3+

-0.607

Ga(III)-(0)

Ga3++3e-=Ga

-0.549

P(I)-(0)

H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O

-0.508

P(III)-(I)

H3PO3+2H++2e-=H3PO2+H2O

-0.499

*C(IV)-(III)

2CO2+2H++2e-=H2C2O4

-0.49

Fe(II)-(0)

Fe2++2e-=Fe

-0.447

Cr(III)-(II)

Cr3++e-=Cr2+

-0.407

Cd(II)-(0)

Cd2++2e-=Cd

-0.4030

Se(0)-(-II)

Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq)

-0.399

Pb(II)-(0)

PbI2+2e-=Pb+2I-

-0.365

Eu(III)-(II)

Eu3++e-=Eu2+

-0.36

Pb(II)-(0)

PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO42-

-0.3588

In(III)-(0)

In3++3e-=In

-0.3382

Tl(I)-(0)

Tl++e-=Tl

-0.336

Co(II)-(0)

Co2++2e-=Co

-0.28

P(V)-(III)

H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O

-0.276

Pb(II)-(0)

PbCl2+2e-=Pb+2Cl-

-0.2675

Ni(II)-(0)

Ni2++2e-=Ni

-0.257

V(III)-(II)

V3++e-=V2+

-0.255

Ge(IV)-(0)

H2GeO3+4H++4e-=Ge+3H2O

-0.182

Ag(I)-(0)

AgI+e-=Ag+I-

-0.15224

Sn(II)-(0)

Sn2++2e-=Sn

-0.1375

Pb(II)-(0)

Pb2++2e-=Pb

-0.1262

*C(IV)-(II)

CO2(g)+2H++2e-=CO+H2O

-0.12

P(0)-(-III)

P(white)+3H++3e-=PH3(g)

-0.063

Hg(I)-(0)

Hg2I2+2e-=2Hg+2I-

-0.0405

Fe(III)-(0)

Fe3++3e-=Fe

-0.037

H(I)-(0)

2H++2e-=H2

0.0000

Ag(I)-(0)

AgBr+e-=Ag+Br-

0.07133

S(II.V)-(II)

S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-

0.08

*Ti(IV)-(III)

TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O

0.1

S(0)-(-II)

S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq)

0.142

Sn(IV)-(II)

Sn4++2e-=Sn2+

0.151

Sb(III)-(0)

Sb2O3+6H++6e-=2Sb+3H2O

0.152

Cu(II)-(I)

Cu2++e-=Cu+

0.153

Bi(III)-(0)

BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O

0.1583

S(VI)-(IV)

SO42-+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O

0.172

Sb(III)-(0)

SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O

0.212

Ag(I)-(0)

AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl-

0.22233

As(III)-(0)

HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O

0.248

Hg(I)-(0)

Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl-(饱和KCl)

0.26808

Bi(III)-(0)

BiO++2H++3e-=Bi+H2O

0.320

U(VI)-(IV)

UO22++4H++2e-=U4++2H2O

0.327

C(IV)-(III)

2HCNO+2H++2e-=(CN)2+2H2O

0.330

V(IV)-(III)

VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O

0.337

Cu(II)-(0)

Cu2++2e-=Cu

0.3419

Re(VII)-(0)

ReO4-+8H++7e-=Re+4H2O

0.368

Ag(I)-(0)

Ag2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrO42-

0.4470

S(IV)-(0)

H2SO3+4H++4e-=S+3H2O

0.449

Cu(I)-(0)

Cu++e-=Cu

0.521

I(0)-(-I)

I2+2e-=2I-

0.5355

I(0)-(-I)

I3-+2e-=3I-

0.536

As(V)-(III)

H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O

0.560

Sb(V)-(III)

Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O

0.581

Te(IV)-(0)

TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O

0.593

U(V)-(IV)

UO2++4H++e-=U4++2H2O

0.612

**Hg(II)-(I)

2HgCl2+2e-=Hg2Cl2+2Cl-

0.63

Pt(IV)-(II)

[PtCl6]2-+2e-=[PtCl4]2-+2Cl-

0.68

O(0)-(-I)

O2+2H++2e-=H2O2

0.695

Pt(II)-(0)

[PtCl4]2-+2e-=Pt+4Cl-

0.755

*Se(IV)-(0)

H2SeO3+4H++4e-=Se+3H2O

0.74

Fe(III)-(II)

Fe3++e-=Fe2+

0.771

Hg(I)-(0)

Hg22++2e-=2Hg

0.7973

Ag(I)-(0)

Ag++e-=Ag

0.7996

Os(VIII)-(0)

OsO4+8H++8e-=Os+4H2O

0.8

N(V)-(IV)

2NO3-+4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O

0.803

Hg(II)-(0)

Hg2++2e-=Hg

0.851

Si(IV)-(0)

(quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O

0.857

Cu(II)-(I)

Cu2++I-+e-=CuI

0.86

N(III)-(I)

2HNO2+4H++4e-=H2N2O2+2H2O

0.86

Hg(II)-(I)

2Hg2++2e-=Hg22+

0.920

N(V)-(III)

NO3-+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O

0.934

Pd(II)-(0)

Pd2++2e-=Pd

0.951

N(V)-(II)

NO3-+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O

0.957

N(III)-(II)

HNO2+H++e-=NO+H2O

0.983

I(I)-(-I)

HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O

0.987

V(V)-(IV)

VO2++2H++e-=VO2++H2O

0.991

V(V)-(IV)

V(OH)4++2H++e-=VO2++3H2O

1.00

Au(III)-(0)

[AuCl4]-+3e-=Au+4Cl-

1.002

Te(VI)-(IV)

H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4H2O

1.02

N(IV)-(II)

N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O

1.035

N(IV)-(III)

N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2

1.065

I(V)-(-I)

IO3-+6H++6e-=I-+3H2O

1.085

Br(0)-(-I)

Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br-

1.0873

Se(VI)-(IV)

SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O

1.151

Cl(V)-(IV)

ClO3-+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O

1.152

Pt(II)-(0)

Pt2++2e-=Pt

1.18

Cl(VII)-(V)

ClO4-+2H++2e-=ClO3-+H2O

1.189

I(V)-(0)

2IO3-+12H++10e-=I2+6H2O

1.195

Cl(V)-(III)

ClO3-+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O

1.214

Mn(IV)-(II)

MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O

1.224

O(0)-(-II)

O2+4H++4e-=2H2O

1.229

Tl(III)-(I)

T13++2e-=Tl+

1.252

Cl(IV)-(III)

ClO2+H++e-=HClO2

1.277

N(III)-(I)

2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O

1.297

**Cr(VI)-(III)

Cr2O72-+14H++6e-=2Cr3++7H2O

1.33

Br(I)-(-I)

HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O

1.331

Cr(VI)-(III)

HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3++4H2O

1.350

Cl(0)-(-I)

Cl2(g)+2e-=2Cl-

1.35827

Cl(VII)-(-I)

ClO4-+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O

1.389

Cl(VII)-(0)

ClO4-+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O

1.39

Au(III)-(I)

Au3++2e-=Au+

1.401

Br(V)-(-I)

BrO3-+6H++6e-=Br-+3H2O

1.423

I(I)-(0)

2HIO+2H++2e-=I2+2H2O

1.439

Cl(V)-(-I)

ClO3-+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O

1.451

Pb(IV)-(II)

PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O

1.455

Cl(V)-(0)

ClO3-+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O

1.47

Cl(I)-(-I)

HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O

1.482

Br(V)-(0)

BrO3-+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O

1.482

Au(III)-(0)

Au3++3e-=Au

1.498

Mn(VII)-(II)

MnO4-+8H++5e-=Mn2++4H2O

1.507

Mn(III)-(II)

Mn3++e-=Mn2+

1.5415

Cl(III)-(-I)

HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O

1.570

Br(I)-(0)

HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O

1.574

N(II)-(I)

2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O

1.591

I(VII)-(V)

H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O

1.601

Cl(I)-(0)

HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O

1.611

Cl(III)-(I)

HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O

1.645

Ni(IV)-(II)

NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O

1.678

Mn(VII)-(IV)

MnO4-+4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O

1.679

Pb(IV)-(II)

PbO2+SO42-+4H++2e-=PbSO4+2H2O

1.6913

Au(I)-(0)

Au++e-=Au

1.692

Ce(IV)-(III)

Ce4++e-=Ce3+

1.72

N(I)-(0)

N2O+2H++2e-=N2+H2O

1.766

O(-I)-(-II)

H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O

1.776

Co(III)-(II)

Co3++e-=Co2+(2mol·L-1 H2SO4)

1.83

Ag(II)-(I)

Ag2++e-=Ag+

1.980

S(VII)-(VI)

S2O82-+2e-=2SO42-

2.010

O(0)-(-II)

O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O

2.076

O(II)-(-II)

F2O+2H++4e-=H2O+2F-

2.153

Fe(VI)-(III)

FeO42-+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O

2.20

O(0)-(-II)

O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O

2.421

F(0)-(-I)

F2+2e-=2F-

2.866

F2+2H++2e-=2HF

3.053

2在碱性溶液中(298K)

电对

方程式

Eq/V

Ca(II)-(0)

Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH-

-3.02

Ba(II)-(0)

Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH-

-2.99

La(III)-(0)

La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH-

-2.90

Sr(II)-(0)

Sr(OH)2·8H2O+2e-=Sr+2OH-+8H2O

-2.88

Mg(II)-(0)

Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2OH-

-2.690

Be(II)-(0)

Be2O32-+3H2O+4e-=2Be+6OH-

-2.63

Hf(IV)-(0)

HfO(OH)2+H2O+4e-=Hf+4OH-

-2.50

Zr(IV)-(0)

H2ZrO3+H2O+4e-=Zr+4OH-

-2.36

Al(III)-(0)

H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=Al+OH-

-2.33

P(I)-(0)

H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH-

-1.82

B(III)-(0)

H2BO3-+H2O+3e-=B+4OH-

-1.79

P(III)-(0)

HPO32-+2H2O+3e-=P+5OH-

-1.71

Si(IV)-(0)

SiO32-+3H2O+4e-=Si+6OH-

-1.697

P(III)-(I)

HPO32-+2H2O+2e-=H2PO2-+3OH-

-1.65

Mn(II)-(0)

Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2OH-

-1.56

Cr(III)-(0)

Cr(OH)3+3e-=Cr+3OH-

-1.48

*Zn(II)-(0)

[Zn(CN)4]2-+2e-=Zn+4CN-

-1.26

Zn(II)-(0)

Zn(OH)2+2e-=Zn+2OH-

-1.249

Ga(III)-(0)

H2GaO3-+H2O+2e-=Ga+4OH-

-1.219

Zn(II)-(0)

ZnO22-+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH-

-1.215

Cr(III)-(0)

CrO2-+2H2O+3e-=Cr+4OH-

-1.2

Te(0)-(-I)

Te+2e-=Te2-

-1.143

P(V)-(III)

PO43-+2H2O+2e-=HPO32-+3OH-

-1.05

*Zn(II)-(0)

[Zn(NH3)4]2++2e-=Zn+4NH3

-1.04

*W(VI)-(0)

WO42-+4H2O+6e-=W+8OH-

-1.01

*Ge(IV)-(0)

HGeO3-+2H2O+4e-=Ge+5OH-

-1.0

Sn(IV)-(II)

[Sn(OH)6]2-+2e-=HSnO2-+H2O+3OH-

-0.93

S(VI)-(IV)

SO42-+H2O+2e-=SO32-+2OH-

-0.93

Se(0)-(-II)

Se+2e-=Se2-

-0.924

Sn(II)-(0)

HSnO2-+H2O+2e-=Sn+3OH-

-0.909

P(0)-(-III)

P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH-

-0.87

N(V)-(IV)

2NO3-+2H2O+2e-=N2O4+4OH-

-0.85

H(I)-(0)

2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH-

-0.8277

Cd(II)-(0)

Cd(OH)2+2e-=Cd(Hg)+2OH-

-0.809

Co(II)-(0)

Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH-

-0.73

Ni(II)-(0)

Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH-

-0.72

As(V)-(III)

AsO43-+2H2O+2e-=AsO2-+4OH-

-0.71

Ag(I)-(0)

Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2-

-0.691

As(III)-(0)

AsO2-+2H2O+3e-=As+4OH-

-0.68

Sb(III)-(0)

SbO2-+2H2O+3e-=Sb+4OH-

-0.66

*Re(VII)-(IV)

ReO4-+2H2O+3e-=ReO2+4OH-

-0.59

*Sb(V)-(III)

SbO3-+H2O+2e-=SbO2-+2OH-

-0.59

Re(VII)-(0)

ReO4-+4H2O+7e-=Re+8OH-

-0.584

*S(IV)-(II)

2SO32-+3H2O+4e-=S2O32-+6OH-

-0.58

Te(IV)-(0)

TeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Te+6OH-

-0.57

Fe(III)-(II)

Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH-

-0.56

S(0)-(-II)

S+2e-=S2-

-0.47627

Bi(III)-(0)

Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi+6OH-

-0.46

N(III)-(II)

NO2-+H2O+e-=NO+2OH-

-0.46

*Co(II)-C(0)

[Co(NH3)6]2++2e-=Co+6NH3

-0.422

Se(IV)-(0)

SeO32-+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH-

-0.366

Cu(I)-(0)

Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH-

-0.360

Tl(I)-(0)

Tl(OH)+e-=Tl+OH-

-0.34

*Ag(I)-(0)

[Ag(CN)2]-+e-=Ag+2CN-

-0.31

Cu(II)-(0)

Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH-

-0.222

Cr(VI)-(III)

CrO42-+4H2O+3e-=Cr(OH)3+5OH-

-0.13

*Cu(I)-(0)

[Cu(NH3)2]++e-=Cu+2NH3

-0.12

O(0)-(-I)

O2+H2O+2e-=HO2-+OH-

-0.076

Ag(I)-(0)

AgCN+e-=Ag+CN-

-0.017

N(V)-(III)

NO3-+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH-

0.01

Se(VI)-(IV)

SeO42-+H2O+2e-=SeO32-+2OH-

0.05

Pd(II)-(0)

Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH-

0.07

S(II,V)-(II)

S4O62-+2e-=2S2O32-

0.08

Hg(II)-(0)

HgO+H2O+2e-=Hg+2OH-

0.0977

Co(III)-(II)

[Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co(NH3)6]2+

0.108

Pt(II)-(0)

Pt(OH)2+2e-=Pt+2OH-

0.14

Co(III)-(II)

Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH-

0.17

Pb(IV)-(II)

PbO2+H2O+2e-=PbO+2OH-

0.247

I(V)-(-I)

IO3-+3H2O+6e-=I-+6OH-

0.26

Cl(V)-(III)

ClO3-+H2O+2e-=ClO2-+2OH-

0.33

Ag(I)-(0)

Ag2O+H2O+2e-=2Ag+2OH-

0.342

Fe(III)-(II)

[Fe(CN)6]3-+e-=[Fe(CN)6]4-

0.358

Cl(VII)-(V)

ClO4-+H2O+2e-=ClO3-+2OH-

0.36

*Ag(I)-(0)

[Ag(NH3)2]++e-=Ag+2NH3

0.373

O(0)-(-II)

O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH-

0.401

I(I)-(-I)

IO-+H2O+2e-=I-+2OH-

0.485

*Ni(IV)-(II)

NiO2+2H2O+2e-=Ni(OH)2+2OH-

0.490

Mn(VII)-(VI)

MnO4-+e-=MnO42-

0.558

Mn(VII)-(IV)

MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH-

0.595

Mn(VI)-(IV)

MnO42-+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH-

0.60

Ag(II)-(I)

2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O+2OH-

0.607

Br(V)-(-I)

BrO3-+3H2O+6e-=Br-+6OH-

0.61

Cl(V)-(-I)

ClO3-+3H2O+6e-=Cl-+6OH-

0.62

Cl(III)-(I)

ClO2-+H2O+2e-=ClO-+2OH-

0.66

I(VII)-(V)

H3IO62-+2e-=IO3-+3OH-

0.7

Cl(III)-(-I)

ClO2-+2H2O+4e-=Cl-+4OH-

0.76

Br(I)-(-I)

BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH-

0.761

Cl(I)-(-I)

ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH-

0.841

*Cl(IV)-(III)

ClO2(g)+e-=ClO2-

0.95

O(0)-(-II)

O3+H2O+2e-=O2+2OH-

1.24

标准电极电势如何比较大小

标准电极电势是指在标准状态下,一种氧化还原反应中氧化态和还原态之间的电势差。标准电极电势的大小与氧化还原反应的性质有关,一般来说,具有更强的氧化性的物质的标准电极电势更高,具有更强的还原性的物质的标准电极电势更低。以下是一些常见物质的标准电极电势(单位:V):

物质|标准电极电势-----|---------氢气/氢离子|0.00铜离子/铜|+0.34银离子/银|+0.80氧气/水|+1.23氟离子/氟气|+2.87可以看到,氢气/氢离子的标准电极电势为0.00,被作为参考电极,其他物质的标准电极电势都是相对于它来计算的。在这些物质中,氧气/水的标准电极电势最高,氟离子/氟气的标准电极电势最大,说明它们具有更强的氧化性。而铜离子/铜的标准电极电势较低,说明它具有更强的还原性。



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